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                GitHub如何向别人的项目发送Pull Request请求
            
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            <p>Pull Request 是社会化编程的象征。GitHub 创造的这一功能，可说给开源开发世界带来了一场革命。不会用这个功能，就等于不会用GitHub。不过，刚刚接触 GitHub 的人在发送 <code>Pull Request</code> 时，往往会遇到找不到对方的项目或者不知道该如何发送等问题。<a id="more"></a></p>
<p>本文就将详细讲述<code>Pull Request</code>的全过程，并为大家提供一个练习<code>Pull Request</code>的机会。</p>
<h2 id="到底什么是Pull-Request"><a href="#到底什么是Pull-Request" class="headerlink" title="到底什么是Pull Request"></a><strong>到底什么是Pull Request</strong></h2><p> 很多新手小白在使用GitHub时经常看到这个词，但对这个词的真正含义并不理解。<code>Pull Request</code>实际上就是自己修改别人项目的源代码后，请求对方仓库采纳该修改时采取的一种行为。所有对仓库有读权限的用户都能发送<code>Pull Request</code>。</p>
<p>例如，我们使用GitHub上面托管的开源软件后，发现了其中的某个BUG，我们通过自己的努力解决了这个BUG（修改源码），此时我们可以向该仓库发送Pull Request，如果该修改被仓库管理员采纳，那么别人在使用该开源软件就不会出现该BUG了。</p>
<h2 id="发送Pull-Request的具体步骤"><a href="#发送Pull-Request的具体步骤" class="headerlink" title="发送Pull Request的具体步骤"></a><strong>发送Pull Request的具体步骤</strong></h2><h3 id="第一步：进入任意仓库页面"><a href="#第一步：进入任意仓库页面" class="headerlink" title="第一步：进入任意仓库页面"></a><strong>第一步：进入任意仓库页面</strong></h3><p> 这里博主为大家提供一个现成的测试仓库 <a href="https://github.com/HearingSmile/TestPullRequest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/HearingSmile/TestPullRequest</a>大家可以按照文章所讲解的步骤，向这个仓库提交自己的Pull Request，练习Pull Request具体操作。</p>
<h3 id="第二步：Fork该仓库"><a href="#第二步：Fork该仓库" class="headerlink" title="第二步：Fork该仓库"></a><strong>第二步：Fork该仓库</strong></h3><p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/4a75652f-9680-459d-84c1-2ac61d6a4dd6.png" alt></p>
<p>点击图片中右上角的Fork按钮，将TestPullRequest仓库Fork到自己账户中：</p>
<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/b1fd1378-acc0-4074-8076-e574aebd6a12.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="第三步：clone仓库"><a href="#第三步：clone仓库" class="headerlink" title="第三步：clone仓库"></a><strong>第三步：clone仓库</strong></h3><p>我们需要将自己账户中的TestPullRequest仓库克隆到本地。</p>
<p>我进入系统中任意目录下，执行下列命令完成克隆操作：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/xxx/TestPullRequest.git  #URL获取，见下图</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115224935.gif" alt></p>
<h3 id="第四步：新建分支，在分支上完成修改"><a href="#第四步：新建分支，在分支上完成修改" class="headerlink" title="第四步：新建分支，在分支上完成修改"></a><strong>第四步：新建分支，在分支上完成修改</strong></h3><p>当前 Git 的主流开发模式都会使用特性分支，所以我们修改之前需要创建一个分支，然后在master分支上执行这次修改。</p>
<p><strong>在创建分支之前我们可以先确定一下远程分支：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git branch -a</span><br><span class="line">* master</span><br><span class="line">  remotes/origin/HEAD -&gt; origin/master</span><br><span class="line">  remotes/origin/master</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>克隆后的仓库有一个master本地分支，但是我们最好不要在主分支上进行修改，我们需要创建一个特性分支：</p>
<p><strong>创建分支：</strong></p>
 <figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git checkout -b work origin/master</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们特性分支的名字叫做work，它跟踪远程分支origin/master。</p>
<p><strong>再次确认当前仓库的分支状况：</strong></p>
 <figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git branch -avv</span><br><span class="line">  master                e31200d [origin/master] Init Reporsitory</span><br><span class="line">* work                  e31200d [origin/master] Init Reporsitory</span><br><span class="line">  remotes/origin/HEAD   -&gt; origin/master</span><br><span class="line">  remotes/origin/master e31200d Init Reporsitory</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="第五步：修改代码"><a href="#第五步：修改代码" class="headerlink" title="第五步：修改代码"></a><strong>第五步：修改代码</strong></h3><p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115225115.png" alt></p>
<p>我添加14行中的代码</p>
<h3 id="第六步：提交更新，并Push到GitHub上"><a href="#第六步：提交更新，并Push到GitHub上" class="headerlink" title="第六步：提交更新，并Push到GitHub上"></a><strong>第六步：提交更新，并Push到GitHub上</strong></h3><p><strong>用diff命令查看修改是否成功：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git diff index.html</span><br><span class="line">diff --git a/index.html b/index.html</span><br><span class="line">index 2fc45aa..7088d2a 100644</span><br><span class="line">--- a/index.html</span><br><span class="line">+++ b/index.html</span><br><span class="line">@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;body id="page-index"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;p&gt;1.第一次提交&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">+       &lt;p&gt;2.Pull Request测试&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;/body&gt;</span><br><span class="line"> &lt;/html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">\ No newline at end of file</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>提交修改，并push到GitHub上去：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight shell hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git add index.html</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git commit -m 'Update index.html'</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span> git push origin work   #work表示push到远端的work分支上去，如果远端没有则自动创建远端分支</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="第七步：发送Pull-Request"><a href="#第七步：发送Pull-Request" class="headerlink" title="第七步：发送Pull Request"></a><strong>第七步：发送Pull Request</strong></h3><p><strong>切换到work分支：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115225427.png" alt></p>
<p><strong>点击<code>New pull request</code>按钮：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115225222.png" alt></p>
<p><strong>发送Pull Request：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115225340.png" alt></p>
<p><strong>提交成功：</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://image.bigcoder.cn/20210115225416.png" alt></p>

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        <a class="is-flex" href="#到底什么是Pull-Request">
        <span class="has-mr-6">1</span>
        <span>到底什么是Pull Request</span>
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        <a class="is-flex" href="#第一步：进入任意仓库页面">
        <span class="has-mr-6">2.1</span>
        <span>第一步：进入任意仓库页面</span>
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        <span class="has-mr-6">2.2</span>
        <span>第二步：Fork该仓库</span>
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        <span class="has-mr-6">2.3</span>
        <span>第三步：clone仓库</span>
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        <a class="is-flex" href="#第四步：新建分支，在分支上完成修改">
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